online BOOK appendix
- updated March 2008 -
"Repression und Selbstbehauptung:
Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur",
Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals (editors), Duncker & Humblot (Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungen, vol. 21), Berlin 2003 (ISBN 3-428-10605-9)

This is a non-commercial private website dedicated to the history and memory of persons persecuted for religious reasons under nazism or communism; its contents is free for personal and non-commercial use in accordance with international copyright law. (Nichtgewerbliche, private Internetseite, zur freien Verfügung für Schule, Forschung und Wissenschaft und für den nichtkommerziellen, persönlichen Gebrauch gemäß Urheberrechtsgesetz.) When using informationn from this site, please quote the following source: "Updated publication list from the appendix of the German book, Repression und Selbstbehauptung: Die Zeugen Jehovas unter der NS- und der SED-Diktatur, by Gerhard Besier / Clemens Vollnhals (eds.), Duncker & Humblot Berlin, 2003, pp. 408, 411, www.standfirm.de / jwhistory.net."

www.standfirm.de / jwhistory.net
English Publications on Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany and Communist Regimes

Arnold Liebster, Simone: Facing the Lion. Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi Europe. Grammaton Press, U.S.A. / Editions Schortgen, Esch/Alzette 2000. [Simone Arnold Liebster]

Berenbaum, Michael: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Carol Rittner / Stephen D. Smith / Irena Steinfeldt (eds.), The Holocaust and the Christian World. Reflections on the Past. Challenges for the Future. Beth Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre / Yad Vashem International School for Holocaust Studies (publishers), Mansfield (UK) 2000, pp. 70-71. [Michael Berenbaum]

Berenbaum, Michael: Preface, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 367-73. [Michael Berenbaum]

Berenbaum, Michael: "Enemies of the State" / JEHOVAH'S WITNESSES, in: Michael Berenbaum: The World must know. The History of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington DC, Second Edition, 2006, p. 47. [Michael Berenbaum]

Bergen, Doris L.: Attitudes toward Jehovah's Witnesses, in Doris L. Bergen: War & Genocide. A Concise History of the Holocaust. (Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., Lanham / Boulder / New York / Oxford), Boston 2003, pp. 24 ff. (see Index). [Doris Bergen / Doris L. Bergen]

Besier, Gerhard / Besier, Renate-Maria: Jehovah's Witnesses/Wachtturm-Gesellschaft: A "Pre-Modern" Religious Association in a "Modern" Society? Expert Opinion, in: The New Inquisitors, by Gerhard Besier / Erwin K. Scheuch (editors), Editions La Colombe Christoph Lenhartz, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, 2003, pages 278-79. [Gerhard Besier / Renate-Maria Besier]

Buber, Margarete: [see subtitles about Bibelforscher (Bible Students)], in: Margarete Buber: Under Two Dictators. Translated by Edward Fitzgerald. Victor Gollancz Ltd., London 1950, pp.188-89, 204, 213, 218-29, 232-39, 246-49, 254-55, 261, 264-65, 276-79, 317-19. [Margarete Buber]

Carsten, Francis L.: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Francis L. Carsten: The German Workers and the Nazis. Scolar Press, Aldershot, Hants 1995, pp.114-21, 181. [Francis Carsten / Francis. L. Carsten]

Chu, Jolene: Purple Triangles: A Story of Spiritual Resistance, Judaism Today: London, No. 12, Spring 1999, pp. 15-19. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene: Purple Triangles: Witnesses to the Holocaust, Judaism Today: London, No. 14, Winter 1999-2000, pp. 16-23. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene: From Marginalization to Martyrdom, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 367-73. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene: Comfort & Commiseration: Interweaving Narratives of Intergroup Encounters. In Daniel J. Curran Jr. / Richard Libowitz / Marcia Sachs Littell (editors): The Century of Genocide. Merion Westfield Press International, Merion Station, PA 2002, pp. 231-47. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene / James N. Pellechia: Jehovah's Witnesses and Jews: Diverse Paths, Parallel Journeys, Common Terminus. In Sharon Leder / Milton Teichman (editors): The Burdens of History: Post Holocaust Generations in Dialogue. Merion Westfield Press International, Merion Station, PA 2000, pp. 41-59. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene / James N. Pellechia: From Marginalization to Martyrdom: The Nazi Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, in Elizabeth Maxwell / John K. Roth (editors): Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide. Palgrave Publishers, Ltd., Hampshire, UK 2001, pp. 495-510. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene / James N. Pellechia: Good News after Auschwitz: Binding the Brokenhearted. In Carol Rittner / John K. Roth (editors): "Good News" after Auschwitz? Christian Faith within a Post-Holocaust World. Mercer University Press, Macon, GA 2001, pp. 43, 85-98. [Jolene Chu]

Chu, Jolene: God's things and Caesar's: Jehovah's Witnesses and political neutrality. Journal of Genocide Research (2004), 6 (3), September, pp. 319-42. [Jolene Chu]

The Dachau Concentration Camp, 1933 to 1945. Text and photo documents from the exhibition, with CD. The new design of the exhibitions was undertaken by the House of Bavarian History in cooperation with the Dachau concentration Camp Memorial Site and the Comité International de Dachau and in consultation with the expert advisory board. Project direction: Dr. Habil. Ludwig Eiber, Dr. Manfred Treml (1998 – 2000), Prof. Dr. Claus Grimm (2000 – 2003). Curatorial and authorial team: Dr. H.c. Barbara Distel, Dr. Habil. Ludwig Eiber, Thomas Felsenstein, Dr. Gabriele Hammermann, Micha Neher, Dr. Christian Schölzel, Dr. Stanislav Zámecnik. Published by Comité International de Dachau and Barbara Distel, Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site, Dachau / München 2005, p. 76. [Dachau concentration Camp Memorial Site a.o.]

Davies, Marion: Other Persecuted Communities Across Germany 1933-1945 / Jehovah’s Witnesses [Paul Gerhard Kusserow and family], in: Absence and Loss. Holocaust Memorials in Berlin and Beyond. Published by David Paul Books, London 2007, p. 39. [Marion Davies]

Daxelmüller, Christoph: Solidarity and the Will to Survive: Religious and Social Behavior of Jehovah's Witnesses in Concentration Camp, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 23-35. [Christoph Daxelmüller]

Dennis, Mike: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Mike Dennis: The Stasi: Myth and Reality. Pearson Education Limited, Edinburgh 2003, pp. 152-56. [Mike Dennis]

Dennis, Mike: Surviving the Stasi: Jehovah's Witnesses in Communist East Germany, 1965 to 1989, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 145-168. [Mike Dennis]

Dirksen, Annegret: Children of Jehovah's Witnesses under Two Dictatorships, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 191-210. [Annegret Dirksen]

Dirksen, Hans-Hermann: Jehovah's Witnesses in the German Democratic Republic, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 210-28. [Hans-Hermann Dirksen]

Dirksen, Hans-Hermann / Hesse, Hans / Wrobel, Johannes: Chronology: Development and Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 379-86. [Hans Hesse / Hans-Hermann Dirksen / Johannes Wrobel]

Dirksen, Hans-Hermann: Jehovah's Witnesses under Communist Regimes, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 30, no. 3 (2002), pp. 229-38. [Hans-Hermann Dirksen]

Dirksen, Hans-Hermann: 'All Over the World Jehovah's Witnesses are the Touchstone for the Existence of True Democracy': Persecution of a Religious Minority in the German Democratic Republic, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 127-144. [Hans-Hermann Dirksen]

Dunn, Brian R.: The Death's Head and the Watchtower: Jehovah's Witnesses in the Holocaust Kingdom, in: Jack Fischel / Sanford Pinsker (editors): Holocaust Studies Annual Volume II – The Churches' Response to the Holocaust. The Penkevill Publishing Company, Greenwood, Florida, 1986, pp. 155-72. [Brian Dunn / Brian R. Dunn]

Friedlander, Henry: Categories of Concentration Camp Prisoners, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 17-22. [Henry Friedlander]

Garbe, Detlef: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Wolfgang Benz / Walter H. Pehle (editors): Encyclopedia of German Resistance to the Nazi Movement, translated from German by Lance W. Garmer. The Continuum Publishing Company, New York 1997, pp. 182-85. [Detlef Garbe]

Garbe, Detlef: Social Disinterest, Governmental Disinformation, Renewed Persecution, and Now Manipulation of History?, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 251-65. [Detlef Garbe]

Garbe, Detlef: The Purple Triangle. The "Bibelforscher" (Jehovah's Witnesses) in the Concentration Camps, in: Wolfgang Benz / Barbara Distel (editors): Dachau and the Nazi Terror 1933–1945, vol II: Studies and Reports, Dachau 2002, pp. 87-114. [Detlef Garbe]

Garbe, Detlef: Between Resistance and Martyrdrom. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Third Reich. Translated by Dagmar G. Grimm and published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2008, USA. [Detlef Garbe]

Guse, Martin: "The Little One ... He Had to Suffer a Lot": Jehovah's Witnesses in the Moringen Concentration Camp for Juveniles, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 96-112. [Martin Guse]

Hackett, David A.: [see subheadings 41 and 42 about Bibelforscher (Bible Students)], in: David A. Hackett: The Buchenwald Report. Westview Press Inc., San Francisco 1995, pp. 23, 28, 29, 31, 178-80, 205-06, 232-33. [David Hackett / David A. Hackett]

Harder, Jürgen / Hesse, Hans: Female Jehovah's Witnesses in Moringen Women's Concentration Camp: Women's Resistance in Nazi Germany, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 36-59. [Jürgen Harder / Hans Hesse]

Hellmund, Dietrich: Critical Reflection on the Video Documentary "Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault": Propaganda or Historical Documentation?, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 343-49. [Dietrich Hellmund]

Helmreich, Ernst Christian: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: The German Churches under Hitler – Background, Struggle, and Epilogue. Detroit, Wayne State Universitäy Press, 1979, pp. 392-97. [Ernst Christian Helmreich]

Hesse, Hans (ed.): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Bremen 2001. Contributors: Contents: French edition: German edition: Polish edition: [Hans Hesse]

Hesse, Hans / Dirksen, Hans-Hermann / Wrobel, Johannes: Chronology: Development and Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 379-86. [Hans Hesse / Hans-Hermann Dirksen / Johannes Wrobel]

Hesse, Hans: Foreword, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Bremen 2001. [Hans Hesse]

Heubaum, Regine / Löffelsender, Michael / Uhl, Karsten / Wagner, Jens-Christian (eds.): Dora Birnbaum, in: The Mittelbau-Dora Concentration Camp, 1943-1945. Exhibition booklet. Edited by Stiftung Gedenkstätten Buchenwald und Mittelbau-Dora, Weimar/Nordhausen 2006, p. 11. [Regine Heubaum / Michael Löffelsender / Karsten Uhl / Jens-Christian Wagner]

Jehovas Zeugen: Forschungs- und Gedenkstätte [Research Center and Memorial] Normannenstrasse: Permanent Exhibition - Jehovah’s Witnesses in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Jehovah’s Witnesses, History Archive, 65617 Selters [Germany], August 2003.

John-Stucke, Kirsten: Jehovah's Witnesses in Wewelsburg Concentration Camp, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah’s Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 60-71.  [Kirsten John-Stucke]

Johnson, Eric: Paying the Price of Resistance: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Eric Johnson: The Nazi Terror - Gestapo, Jews & Ordinary Germans. The University Press, Cambridge. London 2000, pp. 238-50. [Eric Johnson]

King, Christine Elizabeth: A Triumph of the Will: The Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Christine Elizabeth King: The Nazi State and the New Religions: Five Case Studies in Non-Conformity. Studies in Religion and Society, Volume Four. The Edwin Mellen Press, New York / Toronto 1982, pp. 147-79. [Christine King]

King, Christine Elizabeth: Strategies For Survival: Sectarian Experience in the Third Reich, in: Eileen Barker (editor): Of Gods and Men. New Religious Movements in the West, Proceedings of the 1981 Annual Conference of the British Sociological Association, Sociology of Religion Study Group. Mercer University Press, Macon GA, 1983, pp. 239-53. [Christine King]

King, Christine Elizabeth: Jehovah's Witnesses under Nazism, in: Michael Berenbaum (editor): A Mosaic of Victims. Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York University Press, New York 1990, pp. 188-92. [Christine King]

King, Christine: The Case of Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Christine King: Responses Outside The Mainstream Catholic and Protestant Traditions, in: Carol Rittner / Stephen D. Smith / Irena Steinfeldt (eds.): The Holocaust and the Christian World. Reflections on the Past. Challenges for the Future. Beth Shalom Holocaust Memorial Centre / Yad Vashem International School for Holocaust Studies (publishers), Mansfield (UK) 2000, pp. 66-67. [Christine King]

King, Christine: Book Reviews / Buchbesprechungen: Hans Hesse (ed.), Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses during the Nazi Regime 1933-1945, Bremen: Edition Temmen 2001. 405 pp., Hardcover, EUR 39,90 (ISBN 3-86108-750-2), in: in: Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte (KZG) / Contemporary Church History (CCH). International Journal for Theology and History (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen), vol. 14, no. 2 (2001), pp. 576-79. [Christine King]

Köbe, Walter: History, Past and Present: Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 294-305. [Walter Köbe]

Krause-Schmitt, Ursula: Resistance and Persecution of Female Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 197-202. [Ursula Krause-Schmitt]

Lautmann, Ruediger: Gay Prisoners in Concentration Camps as Compared with Jehovah's Witnesses and Political Prisoners, in: Berenbaum, Michael (editor): A Mosaic of Victims - Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. New York University Press, New York 1990, pp. 203-05. [Ruediger Lautmann]

Lehmhöfer, Lutz: Between Historical Documentation and Public Promotion of One’s Image. Comments About the Watch Tower Society Film: "Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault," in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 350-55. [Lutz Lehmhöfer]

Liebster, Max: Crucible of Terror: A Story of Survival Through the Nazi Storm. Esch-sur-Alzette (Gr.-Duché de Luxembourg) 2003. [Max Liebster]

Milton, Sybil: Jehovah's Witnesses as Forgotten Victims, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 141-48. [Sybil Milton]

Milton, Sybil: Jehovah's Witnesses: A Documentation, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 149-65. [Sybil Milton]

Milton, Sybil: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Walter Laqueur / Judith Tydor Baumel (editors): Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. Yale University Press, London 2001, pp. 346-50. [Sybil Milton]

Morrison, Jack G.: Lavender Triangles: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Jack G. Morrison: Ravensbrück. Everyday Life in a Women's Concentration Camp 1939-45, Princeton NJ, 2000, pp. 55-60. [Jack Morrison / Jack G. Morrison]

Morsch, Günter (ed.) / Bohra, Stephanie a.o.: "Conscientious objectors" on religious grounds: August Dickmann, 15th September 1939, in: Günter Morsch (ed.) / Stephanie Bohra and others: Murder and Mass Murder in Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp 1936-1945. An Exhibition by Sachsenhausen Memorial and Museums / Brandenburg Memorials Foundation, Berlin 2005, pp. 78-84. [Günter Morsch / Stephanie Bohra]

Nerlich, Angela / Slupina, Wolfram: Rescued From Oblivion: The Case of Hans Gärtner, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 166-96. [Angela Nerlich / Wolfram Slupina]

Ochs, Michael: Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Georgia Today, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 30, no. 3 (2002), pp. 239-76. [Michael Ochs]

Pellechia, James / Jolene Chu: Teaching Tolerance on the Model of Jehovah's Witnesses as Victims of Nazism, in: Shadow of the Holocaust. Second International Symposium "Lessons of the Holocaust and Contemporary Russia" Moscow, May 4.-7, 1997, The Russian Holocaust Library, Moscow 1998, pp. 288-91. [James Pellechia / James N. Pellechia]

Pellechia, James N.: Teaching Tolerance: A Case Study, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 374-78. [James Pellechia / James N. Pellechia]

Penton, M. James: Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich. Sectarian Politics under Persecution. Toronto / Buffalo / London 2004. [M. James Penton]

Pohl, Willi K.: Jehovah's Witnesses as a Nazi victim group - commemorating and honouring, in: 60th anniversary of the liberation of prisoners form the Sachsenhausen and Ravenbrück concentration camps, and the Brandenburg penitentiary. 14 to 18 April 2005, 24 April 2005. Brandenburg Memorials Foundation / Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten (ed.), Oranienburg 2005, pp. 124-27 [German original, translations in French, Polish, and Russian]. [Willi K. Pohl]

Rahe, Thomas: Jehovah's Witnesses in Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 113-23. [Thomas Rahe]

Rammerstorfer, Bernhard: Unbroken Will. The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man. The Story of Leopold Engleitner. Grammaton Press, New Orleans, 2004. [Bernhard Rammerstorfer]

Reynaud, Michel / Graffard, Sylvie: Jehovah's Witnesses and the Nazis. Persecution, Deportation, and Murder 1933-1945. English translation by James A. Moorhouse. Cooper Square Press, U.S.A. 2001. [Michel Reynau / Sylvie Graffard]

Roser, Hubert: The Religious Association of Jehovah's Witnesses in Baden and Wurttemberg, 1933-1945, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 203-09. [Hubert Roser]

Schmidt, Hermine: Unfettered Joy. A Survivor Memoir. Gramma Books, Copenhagen, 2005. [Hermine Schmidt]

Schmidt, Horst: Death Always Came on Mondays. Persecuted for refusing to serve in the Nazi army. An autobiography. Edited by Hans Hesse. Gramma Books, Copenhagen, 2005. [Horst Schmidt]

Singelenberg, Richard: Book Review. Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime. Edited by Hans Hesse. Edition Temmen/Courier Press 2001, p. 405 […], in: Journal of Law and Religion, no. 1 (2002), pp. 275-295. [The same article appeared in Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft, no. 1 ( 2003). Reaction by Wrobel.] [Richard Singelenberg]

Singelenberg, Richard. Review of Gerald Hacke, Zeugen Jehovas in der DDR. Verfolgung und Verhalten einer religiösen Minderheit, [Jehovah's Witnesses in the GDR. Persecution and Response of a Religious Minority, German book written by Gerald Hacke], in: Journal of Church and State, Vol 42, #2, 2000, pp. 574-576. [Richard Singelenberg]

Singelenberg, Richard: Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime. Review article, in: Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft (RSG). Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews, published by Gerhard Besier / Hubert Seiwert. Duncker & Humblot Berlin, vol. 4, no. 1 ( 2003). [Reaction by Wrobel.] [Richard Singelenberg]

Singelenberg, Richard: Review of Simone Arnold Liebster's autobiography Facing the Lion: Memoirs of a young girl in Nazi Europe published by Grammaton Press, New Orleans, 2000, in Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft (RSG). Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews, published by Gerhard Besier / Hubert Seiwert. Duncker & Humblot Berlin, 2 (1) 2000, pp. 375-376. [Richard Singelenberg]

Slupina, Wolfram: Persecuted and Almost Forgotten, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 266-92. [Wolfram Slupina]

Slupina, Wolfram: "Jehovah's Witnesses Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault" – Touring Exhibition and Video Presentations, 1996-2000, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 356-66. [Wolfram Slupina]

Tylor, James: Christians feared by the Nazis / James Tylor learns about the heavy price paid by Germany’s Jehovah’s Witnesses. Imperial War Museum Report / Imperial War Museum Holocaust Exhibition, Summer 1998, no page number.

Tetzner, Charlotte: Temporary Stabsgebaeudlerin, in: Lore Shelly: Auschwitz – The Nazi Civilization. University Press of America, Lanham, MD 1992, pp. 247-56. [Charlotte Tetzner]

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C.: Victims of the Nazi Regime 1933-1945: Jehovah's Witnesses. Washington D.C., 1995. [USHMM]

Wachsmann, Nikolaus: Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Nikolaus Wachsmann: Hitler's Prisons. Legal Terror in Nazi Germany. Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2004, pp. 125-28 (see index). [Nikolaus Wachsmann]

Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (ed.): The Spirit and the Sword. Jehovah's Witnesses Expose the Third Reich. A Lecture With Slides. This is the text of the slide lecture presented at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C., by James N. Pellechia, associate editor of Awake! magazine, on September 29, 1994. Brooklyn, N.Y. 1997. [Watchtower]

[Watchtower Soc., Poland] Wiezieni za wiare. Swiadkowie Jehowy w KL Auschwitz / Imprisoned for their Faith. Jehovah's Witnesses and the Nazi Regime. Exhibition Catalog [Polish/English, September 2004].

Westphal, Göran: The Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Weimar, 1945-1990, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 229-50.  [Göran Westphal]

Wilson, Bryan: Book Reviews (two books of Gabriele Yonan: Jehovas Zeugen: Opfer unter zwei deutschen Diktaturen, 1933-1945, 1949-1989 [publ. 1999] and Im Visier der Stasi: Jehovas Zeugen in der DDR [publ. 2000]), in: Journal of Contemporary Religion, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2001, pp. 267-69. [Bryan Wilson]

Wontor-Cichy, Teresa: Imprisoned For Their Faith. Jehovah’s Witnesses in KL Auschwitz. Edited by Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, Oswiecim 2006. [Teresa Wontor-Cichy]

Wrobel, Johannes: How the Watchtower History Archive in Germany Benefits Holocaust Research, in: Shadow of the Holocaust. Second International Symposium "Lessons of the Holocaust and Contemporary Russia" Moscow, May 4–7, 1997, The Russian Holocaust Library, Moscow 1998, pp. 285-88. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes: The Video Documentary "Jehovah's Witnesses Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault": Propaganda or Historical Document?, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 306-31. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes: The Buchenwald Series: Watercolors by the Jehovah's Witness Johannes Steyer, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 124-40. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes / Hesse, Hans / Dirksen, Hans-Hermann: Chronology: Development and Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 379-86. [Hans Hesse / Hans-Hermann Dirksen / Johannes S. Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes: Talk by Johannes Wrobel, head of the Jehovah's Witnesses Archives, Selters/Taunus, in: 55^th anniversary of the liberation of prisoners from the Sachsenhausen and Ravensbrück concentration camps, and the Brandenburg penitentiary, 14 to 16 April 2000, 27 April 2000. Documentation. English edition, translated by Maika Leffers. Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten (editor). Oranienburg 2000, pp. 57-59, 61. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes: English Abstract of "Die Verfolgung der Zeugen Jehovas im Nationalsozialismus – Rezeption, Rezension, Interpretation" (pp. 149-150), in: Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft (RSG). Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews, published by Gerhard Besier / Hubert Seiwert, Duncker & Humblot Berlin, vol. 4, no. 1 (2003). [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes: (1) Reaction to Singelenberg (pp. 157-159), and (2) Die Verfolgung der Zeugen Jehovas im Nationalsozialismus – Rezeption, Rezension, Interpretation (pp. 115-150), in: Religion - Staat - Gesellschaft (RSG). Journal for the Study of Beliefs and Worldviews, published by Gerhard Besier / Hubert Seiwert, Duncker & Humblot Berlin, vol. 4, no. 1 (2003). [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes S.: Die nationalsozialistische Verfolgung der Zeugen Jehovas in Frankfurt am Main, (German essay with English Abstract: The Nazi Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Frankfurt/Main) in: Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte (KZG) / Contemporary Church History (CCH). International Journal for Theology and History (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen), vol. 16, no. 2 (2003), pp. 368-462. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes S.: Jehovah's Witnesses in National Socialist Concentration Camps, 1933-45, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 89-125. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Wrobel, Johannes S.: Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany: Prisoners during the Communist Era, in: Religion, State & Society, (The Keston Journal, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group) vol. 34, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 169-190. [Johannes S. Wrobel / Johannes Wrobel]

Yonan, Gabriele: History, Past and Present: Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany. An Analysis of the Documentary "Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault" From the Perspective of Religious Studies, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 332-42. [Gabriele Yonan]

Yonan, Gabriele: Spiritual Resistance of Christian Conviction in Nazi Germany: The Case of the Jehovah's Witnesses, in: Journal of Church & State, Spring 1999, pp. 307-22. [Gabriele Yonan]

Zámecník [Zamecnik], Stanislav: „Bibelforscher“ (Jehovah's Witnesses), in: Stanislav Zámecník [Zamecnik], That was Dachau 1933-1945. Fondation internationale de Dachau / le cherche midi, 2004, pp. 216-18. [Stanislav Zámecník ]

Zeiger, Antje: Jehovah's Witnesses in Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, in: Hans Hesse (editor): Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933–1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2001, pp. 72-95.  [Antje Zeiger]

Video, DVD & Film

Faithful Under Trials. Jehovah's Witnesses in the Soviet Union. Watchtower Society, 2001, 54 min. video.

Follow Me. Jehovah's Witnesses under the East German Regime. Drei Linden Film by Fritz Poppenberg, 58 min., Berlin, 1999.

Follow Me. Jehovah's Witnesses under the East German Regime. Drei Linden Film by Fritz Poppenberg, 58 min. video, Berlin, 1999.

He just said No. Leopold Engleitner: His way was different. A Bernhard Rammerstorfer film, 92 min. video, Austria,1997.

Jehovah's Witnesses Stand Firm Against Nazi Assault, Watchtower Society, 1996, 72 min. video; Class-Room Edition 28 min.; Broadcast Edition 57 min.

KNOCKING. Open Door Productions by Joel P. Engardio and Tom Shepard, 64 min., 2007. DVD also features excerpts of expert interviews on Nazi perscecution of Jehovah's Witnesses, incuding the Berlin convention on June 24, 1933.

Purple Triangles. A Starlock Pictures Production. Distributed by Watchtower Society, 1991, 25 min. video.

The Girl with the Purple Triangle. How 18-year old Hermi survived the concentration camp. Survivor drama documentary. Drei Linden Film by Fritz Poppenberg, 49 min. video & DVD, Berlin 2004.

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www.standfirm.de / jwhistory.net